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The Cartagena Manifesto was written in 1812 by Simón Bolívar during the Independence War of Venezuela, after the fall of the First Republic, explaining with great detail and precision the causes of this loss. It was written in Cartagena de Indias, on 15 December 1812. It is said to be the first of Bolívar's great documents.
For more information on Simon Bolívar, independence leader in South America.
The political, economic, social, and natural causes mentioned by Bolivar include:
The use of the federal system, which Bolivar considered weak for the time
Bad administration of the public incomes
The earthquake of Caracas of 1812
The impossibility of establishing a permanent army
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